According to the LIFCO Tamil-Tamil-English dictionary, the Tamil word Kural means Venpa verse with two lines. Each chapter has a specific subject ranging from " ploughing a piece of land" to " ruling a country". Thirukkural (or the Kural ) is a collection of 1330 Tamil couplets organised into 133 chapters. The book is considered to precede Manimekalai and Silapathikaram since they both acknowledge the Kural text. This is reflected in some of the other names by which the text is known: Tamil marai (Tamil Veda) poyyamozhi (words that never fail) and teyva nul or dheiva nool (divine text). The Thirukkural expounds on various aspects of life and is one of the most important works in the Tamil language. Although the exact period of its composition is still disputed, scholars agree that it was produced before the 2nd century BC. It was authored by Thiruvalluvar, and is considered to be the first work to focus on ethics in Dravidian literature. Thirukkural ( Tamil : திருக்குறள் also known as the Kural ) is a classic of couplets or Kurals (1330 rhyming Tamil couplets ) or aphorisms celebrated by Tamils.
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